CVM, CEAT team up to treat spinal cord injuries in dogs
Friday, September 20, 2024
Media Contact: Kinsey Reed | Communications Specialist | 405-744-6740 | kinsey.reed@okstate.edu
Like humans, dogs also experience spinal cord injuries, which may require extensive treatment.
Traumatic spinal cord injuries, degenerative spinal cord diseases and chronic neuropathic pain are all neurological lesions. Neurological lesions negatively affect the function, wellness and overall quality of life for humans and animals. These conditions are not uncommon but can be complicated to treat effectively.
Current treatment approaches often involve a combination of surgery, medications and rehabilitation. Although these treatments may be effective, there is a need for innovative, non-invasive therapies that can offer additional benefits and improve patient outcomes.
Dr. Lara Sypniewski, Oklahoma State University College of Veterinary Medicine clinical professor, and Dr. Daqing Piao, OSU School of Electrical and Computer Engineering professor, conducted a research study on photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), specifically on the effectiveness of delivering treatment light to the spinal cord.
PMBT uses light to help stimulate healing and reduce inflammation, but the research is unclear on which color of light is best for diseases within the spinal canal.
“Photobiomodulation, often called therapeutic laser therapy, is not a new concept,” Sypniewski said. “Our research team hopes to determine the best wavelength of light to reach the spinal cord without collateral damage.”
Sypniewski and Piao compared the transcutaneous irradiance at the thoracic and lumbar segments of the anterior spinal canal in three cadaver dogs. The study measured the effectiveness of light penetration at four different wavelengths — 808 nanometers, 915 nanometers, 975 nanometers and 1,064 nanometers — from the skin, through the spinal canal, to the level of the spinal cord.
These four near-infrared wavelengths are common for PBMT treatment and are known to penetrate to deep tissue. The study was designed to simulate real-world PBMT treatments on living dogs as closely as possible.
During the study, a specialized flexible probe was used to measure the amount of light that reached nine different sites along the spinal cord, covering eight centimeters from the thoracic to lumbar regions. The light was applied to the surface of the cadaver dogs using laser treatment in three different ways: non-contact with skin removed, non-contact with skin intact, and contact with skin intact.
The study concluded that the wavelength of 1,064 nanometers was the most beneficial at reaching the spinal cord compared to other types of light. These findings suggest that 1,064 nanometers may be the most effective wavelength for transcutaneous PBMT treatment for spinal cord injuries.
“The project was challenging,” Piao said. “This present publication has been built upon two earlier publications that involved other researchers from the College of Veterinary Medicine and students in the electrical and computer engineering department. We are glad to report new information that could promote new translatable research in the area of photobiomodulation therapy."
The study has provided a foundation for further investigations into how treatment for spinal cord injuries can be designed to make the treatment effective.
“Our goal is to harness the powerful impacts light has on cell function at the level of the spinal cord to improve outcomes in animals and humans with acute spinal cord injury,” Sypniewski said.